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Sains Malaysiana 54(5)(2025): 1357-1373
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5405-13
Penentuan Mekanisme Pendeoksigenan dan Hidropendeoksigenan Asid Laurik menggunakan Mangkin FeMo/AC untuk Penghasilan Biobahan Api Jet
(Determination of the Mechanism of Deoxygenation and Hydropeneoxygenation of Lauric Acid using FeMo/AC Catalyst for Jet Fuel Production)
NURUL ASIKIN-MIJAN1,*,
MEGAN XIN YI RAVINDRAN1, NUR ATHIRAH ADZAHAR2, MUHAMMAD
HASIF AUJI1, ILYA NATASHA MUAALLAMIN1,
ABDULKAREEM-ALSULTAN GHASSAN2, LEE HWEI VOON3, ONG HWAI
CHUAN4, DARFIZZI DERAWI1, MOHD SUFRI MASTULI5 & TENGKU SHARIFAH MARLIZA6
1Jabatan Sains Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Pusat Penyelidikan Sains dan Teknologi Katalisis (PutraCat), Faulti Sains, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3 Pusat Penyelidikan Nanoteknologi & Pemangkinan (NanoCat), Institut Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4Jabatan Kejuruteraan, Sekolah Kejuruteraan dan Teknologi, Universiti Sunway, No.
5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
5Pusat Bahan Berfungsi dan Nanoteknologi, Institut Sains, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
6Jabatan Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Putra
Malaysia Kampus Bintulu, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak,
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 12 September
2024/Diterima: 15 Januari 2025
Abstrak
Lonjakan permintaan penggunaan
biobahan api jet (BAJ) dalam industri penerbangan merupakan salah satu
alternatif bagi mengurangkan pelepasan gas karbon dioksida (CO2) kepada alam sekitar. Malaysia yang kaya dengan sumber kelapa sawit
malahan minyak isirung sawit (PKO) yang mengandungi sebanyak 48% asid laurik
(C12) boleh digunakan sebagai stok suapan bagi penghasilan BAJ. Terdapat dua
kaedah yang dapat menukarkan asid laurik kepada BAJ, iaitu kaedah pendeoksigenan
bermangkin (DO) dan hidropendeoksigenan bermangkin (HDO). DO dapat menukarkan
asid laurik kepada BAJ melalui tindak balas tanpa hidrogen (H2) dengan
proses pendekarboksilan/pendekarbonilan (deCOx) bagi menyingkirkan oksigen dalam
menghasilkan rantaian hidrokarbon dan CO2 di samping penghasilan
produk sampingan iaitu karbon monoksida, CO dan air (H2O
Kata
kunci: Asid laurik; biobahan api jet; hidropendeoksigenan; mangkin; pendeoksigenan
Abstract
The higher demand for the use of
bio-jet fuel (BJF) in the aviation industry is one alternative to reduce carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions into the environment. Malaysia is rich in
palm oil resources and palm kernel oil (PKO) which contain about 48% lauric
acid (C12), can be use as a feedstock for BJF production. There are two methods
to convert lauric acid to BJF, namely the catalytic deoxygenation (DO) method
and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) method. DO can convert lauric acid
to BJF through the reactions without hydrogen (H2) involving
decarboxylation/decarbonylation (deCOx) processes to remove oxygen, producing
hydrocarbon chains and CO2 alongside byproducts such as carbon
monoxide (CO) and water (H2O). Meanwhile, HDO converts lauric acid
to BJF by removing oxygen in the form of H2O in the presence of H2.
In this study, both DO and HDO methods were used to produce BJF using FeMo/AC
catalyst. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using several
characterization techniques such as XRD, FESEM-EDX, BET, TPD, and VSM. The
effect of reaction temperature on the resulting products was studied to
determine the reaction mechanisms for both methods. The liquid products
obtained were characterized using GC-FID and GC-MS, while the gas products were
characterized using GC-TCD. The results showed that the simulation mechanisms
for both DO and HDO reactions for lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst is very
effective where the reaction producing a variety of hydrocarbon species.
Keywords: Bio-jet fuel; catalyst;
deoxygenation; hydrodeoxygenation; lauric acid
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: nurul.asikin@ukm.edu.my
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